Gary C. Moore and Izak Benbasat, "Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Information Technology Innovation ", Information Systems Research, Sept, 1991, Vol 2, No 3, pp 192-222.
INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATION Items are listed by construct. "a seven-point Likert scale ranging from 'extremely disagree' to 'extremely agree' [was] chosen as the response format." (pages 198-199) The PWS [personal work station] was defined in the instructions accompanying the questionnaire as a set of computerized tools designed for an individual. It was indicated that the PWS "usually consists of a personal or microcomputer with one or more software packages, such as a word processing program or a spreadsheet, or a computer terminal hooked up to a central mainframe computer again with the appropriate software." (page 208) ITEMS Construct: Voluntariness 1. My Superiors expect me to use a PWS. 2. My use of a PWS is voluntary (as opposed to required by my superiors or job description). 3.* My boss does not require me to use a PWS. 4.* Although it might be helpful, using a PWS is certainly not compulsory in my job. Construct: Relative Advantage 1.* Using a PWS enables me to accomplish tasks more quickly. 2.* Using a PWS improves the quality of work I do. 3.* Using a PWS makes it easier to do my job. 4. The disadvantages of my using a PWS far outweigh the advantages (See Note a.) 5. Using a PWS improves my job performance. 6. Overall, I find using a PWS to be advantageous in my job. 7.* Using a PWS enhances my effectiveness on the job. 8.* Using a PWS gives me greater control over my work. 9. Using a PWS increases my productivity. Construct: Compatibility 1.* Using a PWS is compatible with all aspects of my work. 2. Using a PWS is completely compatible with my current situation. 3.* I think that using a PWS fits well with the way I like to work. 4.* Using a PWS fits into my work style. Construct: Image 1. Using a PWS improves my image within the organization. 2. Because of my use of a PWS others in my organization see me as a more valuable employee. (See Note a.) 3.* People in my organization who use a PWS have more prestige than those who do not. 4.* People in my organization who use a PWS have a high profile. 5.* Having a PWS is a status symbol in my organization. Construct: Ease of use 1. I believe that a PWS is cumbersome to use. 2. It is easy for me to remember how to perform tasks using a PWS. (See Note a.) 3. My using a PWS required a lot of mental effort. 4. Using a PWS is often frustrating. 5.* My interaction with a PWS is clear and understandable. (See Note a.) 6.* I believe that it is easy to get a PWS to do what I want it to do. 7.* Overall, I believe that a PWS is easy to use. 8.* Learning to operate a PWS is easy for me. Construct: Result Demonstrability 1.* I would have no difficulty telling others about the results of using a PWS. 2.* I believe I could communicate to others the consequences of using a PWS. 3.* The results of using a PWS are apparent to me. 4.* I would have difficulty explaining why using a PWS may or may not be beneficial. Construct: Visibility 1. I have seen what others do using their PWS. 2.* In my organization, one sees PWS on many desks. 3. I have seen a PWS in use outside my firm. (See Note a.) 4.* PWS are not very visible in my organization. 5. It is easy for me to observe others using PWS in my firm. I have had plenty of opportunity to see the PWS being used. (See Note b.) I have not seen many others using a PWS in my department. (See Note b.) Construct: Trialability 1. I've had a great deal of opportunity to try various PWS applications. 2. I know where I can go to satisfactorily try out various uses of a PWS. 3. A PWS was available to me to adequately test run various applications. 4.* Before deciding whether to use any PWS applications, I was able to properly try them out. 5.* I was permitted to use a PWS on a trial basis long enough to see what it could do. I am able to experiment with the PWS as necessary. (See Note b.) I can have PWS applications for long enough periods to try them out. (See Note b.) I did not have to expend very much effort to try out the PWS. (See Note c.) I don't really have adequate opportunities to try out different things on the PWS. (See Note c.) A proper on-the-job tryout of the various uses of the PWS is not possible. (See Note c.) There are enough people in my organization to help me try the various uses of the PWS. (See Note c.) NOTES a. The indicated items were all deleted as the result of the first factor analysis and hence were not in the final scales. b. The indicated items, which were deleted after the initial test, are suggested as candidates for inclusion in any expanded scale. c. The indicated items, which were not in the final instrument, had item-scale correlations less than 0.40 in the initial test and are suggested as secondary candidates for lengthening the scale. d. * indicates items suggested for inclusion in any "short" scales.